Friday, 3 March 2017

Quantity and Unit

Length:Metre

Mass:Kilogram

Energy:Joule

Angle:Radian

Work:Joule

Area:Hectare

Luminosity:Cadela

Force:Newton

Potential:Volt

Conductivity:Mho

Time:Seconds

Resistance:Ohm

Power:Watt

Current:Ampere

Temperature:Degrees

Magnetic Field: Oersted

Volume:Litre

Pressure:Pascal

United Nations (UN) International Years

  • 1967- International Tourism Year
  • 1970 - International Education year
  • 1972 - International Book Year
  • 1973 - Copernicus Year
  • 1974 - World Population Year
  • 1975 - International Volunteers Year
  • 1975 - International Women s Year
  • 1979 - International Year of Children
  • 1981 - International Year of the Disabled
  • 1981 - International Year of Eco tourism
  • 1983 - World Communication Year
  • 1985 - International Youth Year
  • 1986 - International Year of peace against slavery and the abortion
  • 1986 - International Year to Commemorate the struggle
  • 1987 - International Year of Shelter for the Homeless
  • 1987 - International Year of Rice
  • 1990 - International Literacy Year
  • 1992 - International Space year
  • 1992 - International Year of Sports and Physical Education
  • 1993 - International Year for Indigenous Poplucation
  • 1994 - International Year of the family
  • 1995 - International Year of Tolerance
  • 1996 - International Year of the Eradication of Poverty
  • 1998 - International Human Rights year
  • 1998 - International Year of the ocean
  • 1999 - International year of the older persons
  • 2000 - International Year of the culture of peace
  • 2001 - International Year of Dialogue among civilizations
  • 2002 - International Year of Mountains
  • 2003 - International Year of Freshwater
  • 2004 - International Year to commemorate the struggle
  • 2005 - International Year of Microcredit
  • 2006 - International Year of Deserts and Desertification
  • 2008 - International year of Planet Earth
  • 2008 - International Year of Potato

METRIC INFORMATION

AREA
100 Sq Millimetres1 sq Centimetre
100 Sq Centimetre1 Sq Decimetre
100 Sq Decimetre1 Sq Metre
100 Sq Metres1 Are
100 Ares1 Hectare
100 Hectares1 Sq Kilometre

CAPACITY
10 Millitres 1 Centilitre
10 Centilitres 1 Decilitre
 l Litre 1 Cubic Decilitre
10 Litres 1 Decalitres
10 DecaLitres 1 Hectolitre
10 Hectolitres 1 Kilolitre
                                                                                   
                                       LENGTH
1000 Nanometres 1 Micrometre
1000 Micrometres 1 Millimetre
10 Millimetres 1 Centimetre
10 Centimetre 1 Decimetre
1000 Millimetres 1 Metre
100 Centimetres 1 Metre
10 Decimetres 1 Metre
10 Metres 1 Decametre
10 Decametres 1 Hectometre
10 Hectometre1 Kilometre
1000 Kilometres1 Megametre
                                            * 1852 Metres= 1 International NAUTICAL Mile

VOLUME
1000 Cu Millilitres 1 Cu Centimetre
1000 Cu Centimetres 1 Cu Decimetre
1000 Cu Decimetres 1 Cu Metre
1000 Cu Metres 1 Cu Decametre
                                            
WEIGHT(MASS)
1000 Milligrams1 Gram
10 Grams1 Decagram
10 Decagram1 Hectogram
10 Hectogram1 Kilogram
100 Kilogram1 Quintal
1000 Kilograms1 Tonne

Animals and Sounds

Crows - Caw
Cocks-Crow
Asses-Bray
Hyenas-Laugh
Bears-Browl
Bees-Hum
Bulls-Bellow
Cats-Mew
Cows-low
Cuckoos-Coo
Dogs-Bark
Elephants-trumpet
Foxes-Bark,yelp
Jackals-Howl
Horses-Neigh,whinny
Larks-sing
Owls-Hoot,Screech
Snakes-Hiss
Swallows-Chirp
Tigers-Growl
Vultures-Scream

Thursday, 2 March 2017

Animals and Movement

Duck:Waddle
Bird:Fly
Owl:Flit
Elephant:Amble
Lion:Prowl
Eagle:Swoop
Lamb:Frisk
Cock:Strut
Bear:Lumber
Mouse:Scamper
Donkey:Trot
Rabbit:Leap

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Indus valley Civilization was discovered in 1921. Dravidians were the founders of this civilization. It belongs to proto-historic period. The ancient name of the Indus region was Meluha. Sir John Marshal carried out extensive excavations in the Indus region.The first discovered Indus site was Harappa. Harappa and Mohenjodaro were the largest sites of Indus Valley Civilization. This civilization flourished during the period of 3250-2750 B.C This period is only approximate. Many historians proposed different dates. The generally accepted period of Indus Valley Civilization is 2300-1750 B.C. The main feature of Harappa civilization was Town Planning. The Houses and drainage canals were mainly built with Burnt-Brick. Underground drainage system depicts the skill of the Indus people in Town Planning.
The important sites of this civilization are: Harappa: It is located in Montegomari district of Punjab in Pakistan on the banks of river Ravi.. It was the first excavated Harappan site. 6 granaries were found at Harappa. A stone symbol of female sex organs discovered. A stone male dancing figure Nataraja was found.
Mohanjodaro: It is located in Larkana district of Sindh in Pakistan on the banks of river Indus. Mohenjodaro was discovered by R.D.Benerjee. A swimming pool called 'Great Bath' was found. It had 9 vertical layers. Mohanjodaro is largest of all Indus sites. The Bronze figure of dancing girl was found. The evidence of ship was found in Mohanjodaro. Granaries were found. Lothal: It was located in Gujarat. It was the port town. A dockyard structure was found here. It had houses with doors on the main streets. Rice husk has been discovered.
Kalibhangan: It was located in Rajasthan. The evidence of ploughing the land was found in Kalibangan. Bones of Camel were discovered. Fire alters discovered. The evidence of land ploughing was found.
Chanhudaro: It was located in Sindh. Ink Pot was discovered.
Banwali: It was located in Haryana.
Alamgirpur: It was located in Uttar Pradesh.
Surkotada: It was located in Gujarat. The remains of horse have been found here.
Kotdiji: It was located in Sindh. It was destroyed by fire.
Dholavira: It was located in Gujarat. Dholavira in Gujarat is the largest Indus site in India.
Rangapur: It was located in Gujarat. Rice husk has been discovered.
Rupar: It was located in Punjab.
The main male diety was Pasupati. The main female Goddess was Mother Goddess. They worshipped the bird Pigeon. They also worshipped Water, Trees and Snakes.
The main occupation of Indus people was cattle breeding. They also know the agriculture. The main crops they produced were: Wheat and Barly. Indus people produced Cotton for the first time in the world.
Indus People had trade relations with Babylonia, Egypt and Mesopotomia.
They exported Cotton goods, Pottery and Terracottas.
Animals domesticated by Indus people were Bull, buffaloes, Goat, Sheep, Asses, Pigs and domenstic fowls. The animals depicted on the Indus seals were Bull, Unicorn, Tiger. The animals Buffaloe, Rhinoceros, Elephant and Deer are present around the Pasupati on a seal. The animal Horse doesn`t know the Indus people.
Indus people made seals with Steatite, Ivory and Clay. They obtained copper from Beluchistan and Rajasthan and Gold from Kolar and Anantapur. The metal Iron was not known to Indus people. The ornaments of Indus people were made up of Copper, Bronze, Gold, Silver and Precious Stones. They made household articles with Stome, Mud and Copper.
They used Pictographic script. The script of Indus people was written from left to right and from right to left. It is called Boustrophedon.
Music, Dance and Chess were the main pastimes of Indus people.
The reasons for the decline of Indus Valley Civilization were Aryans invasions, Floods and Earthquakes.

Things/Animals and Keeping Place

Car:Garage
Aeroplane: Hanger
Animals:Zoo
Grains:Granary
Medicine:Dispensary
Birds: Aviary
Curiuos: Museum
Bees:Apiary
Clothes:Wardrobe
Guns:Armory
Patient: Hospital
Fish:Aquarium
Wine:Cellar

Worker and Tools

Blacksmith:Anvil
Carpenter:Saw
Author:Pen
Doctor:Stethoscope
Gardener:Harrow
Labourer:Spade
Woodcutter:Axe
Surgeon:Scalpel
Chef:Knife
Soldier:Gun
Farmer:Plough
Mason:Plumbline
Tailor:Needle
Warrior:Sword
Sculptor:Chisel

Worker and Product

Mason:Wall
Choreographer:Ballet
Editor:Newspaper
Architect:Design
Farmer:Crop
Carpenter:Furniture
Cobbler:Shoes
Poet:Poem
Teacher:Education
Dramatist:Play
Producer:Film
Tailor:Clothes
Author:Book
Butcher:Meat
Chef:Food
Goldsmith:Ornaments

Product - Raw Material

Prism:Glass
Butter:Milk
Wine:Grapes
Road:Asphalt
Shoes:Leather
Omeletter:Egg
Rubber:Latex
Oil:Seed
Wall:Brick
Sack:Jute
Jaggery:Sugarcane
Cloth:Fibre
Fabric:Yarn
Furniture:Wood
Pullover:Wool
Metal:Ore
Linen:Flax
Paper: Pulp
Book:Paper
Jewellery:Gold

Animal And Sound

Crows - Caw
Cocks-Crow
Asses-Bray
Hyenas-Laugh
Bears-Browl
Bees-Hum
Bulls-Bellow
Cats-Mew
Cows-low
Cuckoos-Coo
Dogs-Bark
Elephants-trumpet
Foxes-Bark,yelp
Jackals-Howl
Horses-Neigh,whinny
Larks-sing
Owls-Hoot,Screech
Snakes-Hiss
Swallows-Chirp
Tigers-Growl
Vultures-Scream

Games and Place of Playing

Badminton:Court
Boxing:Ring
Hockey:Ground
Race:Track
Athletics:Stadium
Skating:Rink
Tennis:Court
Exercise:Gymnasium
Wrestling:Arena
Cricket:Pitch

Worker and Working Place

Chef:Kitchen
Farmer: Field
Sailor:Ship
Doctor:Hospital
Painter:Gallery
Umpire:Pitch
Artist:Theatre
Lawyer:Court
Clerk:Office
Grocer:Shop
Beautician:Parlour
Astronomer:Observatory
Teacher:School
Engineer:Site
Servant:House
Waiter: Restaurant
Gambler:Casino
Actor:Stage
Scientist:Laboratory
Warrior:Battlefield
Worker:Factory
Mechanic:Garage

Word and Intensity

Anger:Rage
Wish:Desire
Sink:Drown
Famous:Renowned
Crime:Sin
Kindle:Burn
Refuse:Deny
Touch:Push
Quarrel:War
Unhappy: Sad
MOisten:Drench
Error:Blunder
Speak:Shout

POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA

Bharatiya Janata Party - BJP
Indian National Congress - INC 
Nationalist Congress Party -  NCP
Communist Party of India - CPI
Communist Party of India (Marxist) - CPI(M)
 Bahujan Samaj Party - BSP
Samajwadi Party - SP 
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam -  AIADMK
 Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam -  DMK
 Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam  - DMDK
 Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam - MDMK
Lok Jan Shakti Party -   LJP
Rashtriya Janata Dal -  RJD
Janata Dal (United)  - JD (U)
National Conference - NC 
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena  - MNS
Shiv Sena - SS
Asom Gana Parishad  - AGP
Telugu Desam Party - TDP
Trinamool Congress -TMC
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha - JMM
Shiromani Akali Dal - SAD
Pattali Makkal Katchi  - PMK

Biosphere Reserves in India

1.      Nanda Devi (Uttrakhand),
2.      Nokrek (Meghalaya)
3.      Manas (Assma)
4.      Dibru-Saikhowa (Assam),
5.      Sundarban (West Bengal),
6.      Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu),
7.      Great Nicobar (Andaman & Nicobar Islands),
8.      Similipal (Orissa),
9.      Dehang-Debang (Arunachal Pradesh),
10.     Khangchendzonga (Sikkim),
11.     Pachmarhi (Madhya Pradesh),
12.     Achanakmar-Amarkantak (Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh),
13.     Agasthyamalai (Tamil Nadu and Kerala),
14.     Katchchh (Gujarat) and
15.     Cold Desert (Himachal Pradesh)

IMPORTANT AWARDS AND PRIZES

Nobel Prize -  Physics,Chemistry,Physiology,Medicine,Literature,Peace and Economics
Pulitzer Prize -  Journalism,Literature and Music
Magsaysay Award - Public service,community Leadership, Journalism,Literature
                      ,creative arts and International understanding
Jawaharlal Nehru Award - International understanding,goodwill and friendship
Man booker Prize - Literacy Award
Templeton - Conferred for progress in religion
Right Livelihood Award - Conferred annually for practical and 
                        exemplary solutions to real problems of today.
Man Booker Prize - Prestigiuous literary award.
Mahatama Gandhi Peace Prize- Literary and artistic work to the cause
Un Human Rights Award - Contributions to the establishment of human rights
Gloden Bear Award - Best film and best cine actors
Gloden Globe Award - Creditable efforts in film direction.
Simon Bolivar Prize - Freedom, independence and dignity of people.

India and International Important days

DayEvent
January 12 National Youth Day
January 15 Army Day
January 26 India's Republic Day and International Customs Day
January 30 Martyrs Days
February 24 Central Excise Day
February 28 National Science Day
March  8 International Women's Day
March 15 World Disabled Day
March 21 World Forestry Day
March 23 World Meteorological Day
April 5 National Maritime Days
April 7 World Health Day
April 18 World Health Day
April 22 Earth Day
May 1 International Labour Day
May 3 Press Freedom Day
May (2nd Sunday) Mothers Day
May 8 World Red Cross Day
May 11 National Technology Day
May 15 International Day of the Family
May 17 World Telecommunication Day
May 24 Common Wealth Day
May 31 Anti Tobacco Day
June 4 International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 World Environment Day
June 26 International Day against Drug abuse and Illicit trafficking
June 27 World Diabetes Day
July 6 World Zoo noses day
July 11 World Population Day
August 3 International Friendship day
August 6 Hiroshima Day
August 9 Quit India Day and Nagasaki Day
August 15 India's Independence Day
August 29 National Sports Day
September 5 Teachers Day
September 8 World Literacy Day
September 16 World Ozone Day
September 21 Alzheimer's Day
September 26D ay of the Deaf
September 27 World Tourism Day
October 1 International Day of the Elderly
October 3 World Habitat Day
October 4 World Animal Welfare Day
October 8 Indian Air Force Day
October 9 World Post Office Day
October 10 National Post Day
October 12 UN International Day for National disaster reduction
October 14 World Standards Day
October 15 World White Cane Day
October 16 World Food Day
October 24 United Nations (UN) Day &  World Development information day
October 30 World Thrift Day
November 14 Children's Day (India)
November 20 Africa Industrialisation Day
December 1 World Aids Day
December 7 Armed Forces Flag Day
December 10 Human Rights Day
December 23 Farmers Day

United Nations (UN) International Decades

  • 1993-2003 - Third Decade to combat racism and racial discrimination
  • 1994-2004 - International Decade of the World Indigenous People
  • 1995-2005 - United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education
  • 1997-2007 - First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty
  • 2001-2010 - Decade of Roll back Malaria in developing countries, particularly in Africa
  • 2001-2010 - Second International Decade for the eradication of colonialism
  • 2003-2012 - United Nations Literacy Decade
  • 2005-2015 - United Naations Decade of Education for Subtainable Development

Countries and Capitals

COUNTRY NAMECAPITAL NAME
AfghanistanKabul
AlbaniaTirane
AlgeriaAlgiers
AndorraAndorrala Vella
AngolaLuanda
Antigua and BarbudaSaint John's
ArgentinaBuenos Aires
ArmeniaYerevan
AustraliaCanberra
AustriaVienna
AzerbaijanBaku
BahrainManama
BangladeshDhaka
BarbadosBridgetown
BelarusMinsk
BelgiumBrussels
BelizeBelmopan
BeninPorto-Novo
BhutanThimphu
BoliviaLa Paz(administrative) Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaSarajevo
BotswanaGaborone
BrazilBrasilia
BruneiBandar Seri Begawan
BulgariaSofia
Burkina FasoOuagadougou
BurundiBujumbura
CambodiaPhnom Penh
CameroonYaounde
CanadaOttawa
Cape VerdePraia
Central African RepublicBangui
ChadN'Djamena
ChileSantiago
ChinaBeijing
ColombiaBogota
ComorosMoroni
Costa RicaSan Jose
Cote d'IvoireYamoussoukro (official) Abidjan(de facto)
CroatiaZagreb
CubaHavana
CyprusNicosia
Czech RepublicPrague
Democratic Republic of the CongoKinshasa
DenmarkCopenhagen
DjiboutiDjibouti
DominicaRoseau
Dominican RepublicSanto Domingo
East TimorDili
EcuadorQuito
EgyptCairo
El SalvadorSan Salvador
Equatorial GuineaMalabo
EritreaAsmara
EstoniaTallinn
EthiopiaAddis Ababa
Federated States ofMicronesiaPalikir
FijiSuva
FinlandHelsinki
FranceParis
GabonLibreville
GeorgiaTbilisi
GermanyBerlin
GhanaAccra
GreeceAthens
GrenadaSaint George's
GuatemalaGuatemala City
GuineaConakry
Guinea-BissauBissau
GuyanaGeorgetown
HaitiPort-au-Prince
HondurasTegucigalpa
HungaryBudapest
IcelandReykjavik
IndiaNew Delhi
IndonesiaJakarta
IranTehran
IraqBaghdad
IrelandDublin
IsraelJerusalem
ItalyRome
JamaicaKingston
JapanTokyo
JordanAmman
KazakhstanAstana
KenyaNairobi
KiribatiTarawa
KuwaitKuwait City
KyrgyzstanBishtek
LaosVientiane
LatviaRiga
LebanonBeirut
LesothoMaseru
LiberiaMonrovia
LibyaTripoli
LiechtensteinVaduz
LithuaniaVilnius
LuxembourgLuxembourg
MacedoniaSkopje
MadagascarAntananarivo
MalawiLilongwe
MalaysiaKuala Lumpur
MaldivesMale
MaliBamako
MaltaValletta
Marshall IslandsMajuro
MauritaniaNouakchott
MauritiusPort Louis
MexicoMexico City
MoldovaChisinau
MonacoMonaco
MongoliaUlaanbaatar
MoroccoRabat
MozambiqueMaputo
MyanmarRangoon
NamibiaWindhoek
NauruYaren District
NepalKathmandu
NetherlandsAmsterdam
New ZealandWellington
NicaraguaManagua
NigerNiamey
NigeriaAbuja
North KoreaPyongyang
NorwayOslo
OmanMuscat
PakistanIslamabad
PalauKoror
PanamaPanama City
Papua New GuineaPort Moresby
ParaguayAsuncion
PeruLima
PhilippinesManila
PolandWarsaw
PortugalLisbon
QatarDoha
Republic of the CongoBrazzaville
RomaniaBucharest
RussiaMoscow
RwandaKigali
Saint Kitts and NevisBasseterre
Saint LuciaCastries
Saint Vincent and theGrenadinesKingstown
SamoaApia
San MarinoSan Marino
Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome
Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
SenegalDakar
Serbiaand Montenegro(Yugoslavia)Belgrade
SeychellesVictoria
Sierra LeoneFreetown
SingaporeSingapore
SlovakiaBratislava
SloveniaLjubljana
Solomon IslandsHoniara
SomaliaMogadishu
South AfricaPretoria(administrative) Cape Town(legislative) Bloemfontein(judiciary)
South KoreaSeoul
SpainMadrid
Sri LankaColombo
SudanKhartoum
SurinameParamaribo
SwazilandMbabana
SwedenStockholm
SwitzerlandBern
SyriaDamascus
TaiwanTaipei
TajikistanDushanbe
TanzaniaDar esSalaam
ThailandBangkok
The BahamasNassau
The GambiaBanjul
TogoLome
TongaNuku'alofa
Trinidad and TobagoPort-of-Spain
TunisiaTunis
TurkeyAnkara
TurkmenistanAshgabat
TuvaluFunafuti
UgandaKampala
UkraineKiev
United Arab EmiratesAbu Dhabi
United KingdomLondon
United StatesWashington D.C.
UruguayMontevideo
UzbekistanTashkent
VanuatuPort-Vila
Vatican CityVatican City
VenezuelaCaracas
VietnamHanoi
YemenSanaa
ZambiaLusaka
ZimbabweHarare

Wednesday, 1 March 2017

Games and Area of Playing

Badminton:Court
Boxing:Ring
Hockey:Ground
Race:Track
Athletics:Stadium
Skating:Rink
Tennis:Court
Exercise:Gymnasium
Wrestling:Arena
Cricket:Pitch

Things and Clssification


Lizard:Reptile
Man:Mammal
Elephant:Amble
Ostrich:Bird
Frog:Amphibian
Chair:Furniture
Whale:Mammal
Curtain:Drapery
Butterfly:Insect
Snake:Reptile
Cup:Crockery
Rat:Rodent
Shirt:Garment

Animals and its Kids

Cow:Calf
Bear:Cub
Horse:Colt/Filly/Foal
Duck:Duckling
Butterfly:Caterpillar
Dog:Puppy
Cockroach:Nymph
Man:Child
Frog:Tadpole
Hen:Chick
Lion/Tiger:Cub
sheep:Lamb
Stag:Fawn
Deer:Fawn
Cat:Kitten
Insect:Larva
Swan:Cygnet

IPL TEAM NAMES OF INDIA

IPL Team Names
Chennai Super Kings
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Mumbai Indians
Pune Warriors
Rajasthan Royals
Delhi Daredevils
Kings Eleven Punjab
Kolkatta Knight Rider

Continents Area Population

Continent NameArea in '000 km2Percentage of the world land
Asia44,03029.5
Africa29,78520.0
North America24,25516.3
South America17,79811.8
Antartica13,3399.6
Europe10,4986.2
Australia7,6885.2

Presidents of India

PRESIDENT NAMEPERIOD
Dr. Rajendra Prasad1950-1962
Dr. S. Radhakrishnan1962-1967
Dr. Zakir Hussain1967-1969
Justice. M. Hidayatullah(Acting) July-August, 1969
V.V.Giri1969-1974
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed1974-1977
B.D. Jatti(Acting) February - July, 1977
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy1977-1982
Giani Zail Singh1982-1987
R.Venkataraman1987-1992
Dr.Shankar Dayal Sharma1992-1997
K.R.Narayan1997- 2002
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam2002-2007
Prathiba Patil2007-2012
Pranab Mukherjee2012-till date

Prime Ministers of India

PRIME MINISTER NAMEPERIOD
Jawahar Lal NehruTenure1947-1964
Gulzari Lal Nanda(Acting)May - June, 1964
Lal Bahadur Shastri1964-1966
Gulzari Lal Nanda(Acting)11-24, January,1966
Indira Gandhi1966-1977
Morarji Desai1977-1979
Charan Singh1979-1980
Indira Gandhi1980-1984
Rajiv Gandhi1984-1989
Viswanath Prathap Singh1989-1990
Chandrashekhar1990-1991
P.V.Narasimharao1991-1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee16. 5.1996 - 1.6.1996
H.D.Devegowda1.6.1996 - 21.4.1997
I .K.Gujral21.4.1997 - 18.3.1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee19.3.1998 - 13-10-1999
13-10-1999- 22-5-2004
Dr Manmohan Singh
P Narendra Modi
22/05/2004-

India States and its Capital

StatesCapital
Andhra Pradesh
Telangana
Amravathi
Hyderabad
Arunachal PradeshItanagar
AssamGuwhati
BiharPatna
ChhattisgarhRaipur
GoaPanaji
GujaratGandhinagar
HaryanaChandigarh
Himachal PradeshShimla
Jammu and KashmirSummer Capital: Jammu
Winter Capital: Srinagar
JharkhandRanchi
KarnatakaBangalore
KeralaThiruvananthapuram
Madhya PradeshBhopal
MaharashtraMumbai
ManipurImphal
MeghalayaShillong
MizoramAizwal
NagalandKohima
OrissaBhubaneswar
PunjabChandigarh
RajasthanJaipur
SikkimGangtok
Tamil NaduChennai
TripuraAgartala
UttaranchalDehradun
Uttar PradeshLucknow
West BengalKolkatta
Union TerritoryCapital
Andaman & NicobarPort Blair
ChandigarhChandigarh
Dadra and Nagar HaveliSilvassa
Daman and DiuDaman
DelhiDelhi
LakshadweepKavaratti
PondicherryPondicherry

International Organisations

United Nations Organisation-(UNO)
World Trade Organisation-(WTO)
International Monetary Fund-(IMF)
Asian Development Bank-(ADB)
African Development Bank-(ADB)
Internatioal Atomic Enery Agency -(IAEA)
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries-(OPEC)
Food and Agriculture Organisation -(FAO)
World Health Organisation-(WHO)
International Labour Organisation-(ILO)
International Cricket Council-(ICC)
International Olympic Committee-(IOA)
International Committee for Red Cross-(ICRC)
Internatinal Court of Justice-(ICJ)
World Intellectual Property Organization-(WIPO)

Fédération Internationale de Football Association - (FIFA)

Green Oscars

Whitley Awards – known as ‘Green Oscars’ are organized by ‘Whitley Fund for Nature ‘to recognize the conservators for their outstanding study in the field of conserving the nature, forest and environment.
Objectives of project to conserve Hornbill:
  • Hornbills are ecologically important as seed dispersers.
  • The project’s inclusive approach transforms hunters into passionate guardians of nature.
  • Expand the Hornbill Nest Adoption Programme from 9 to 14 villages and give local people a sense of ownership.
  • Set up a pilot forest restoration project.
  • Establish The Hornbill Nyishi Festival to popularize the role played by local tribes in conserving hornbills across the region.
  • Other Achievements of Dr. Aparajita Datta
  • Publish various papers on tree species, forest logging, seed survival of bird and new bird species since 1998.
  • Conserve and improve the status of the bird’s populations and spreading awareness of threat to ecological system.
  • Organize a study and create awareness to conserve hornbills in the Indian Eastern Himalayas at the Nature Conservation Foundation (NCF), an NGO established in 1996.

Rules of Cricket


CRICKET RULES: Ground , Round or Oval shaped. Wicket 22 Yards apart. Ball ("in circumference and 5 3/4 oz in weight. Bat: 4 1/2 inches width and 38 inches maximum length. Bowling crease: 8 feet and 8 inches in length. Popping crease 4 feet from the wicket and deemed unlimited in length. Stumps 27 inches out of the ground.
25 Fielding Positions. 11 Players on each side. 2 umpires and One third Umpire (Only for international cricket)
A bats man can be given out in 10 different ways.
Run Out, Caught, Bowled, LBW, Stumped, Caught Behind,Obstruction, Handling the ball, Delay,Hit Wicket.
Terms Used: Boundary, sixer, Not Out, Leg Bye, No Run, Run Down,
Positions :- Slips (1,2&3), Gully, chilly mid on, Chilly mid off, silly point, point, deep wicket, deep mid wicket, wicket Keeper, Thrid Man, Deep Third Man. Square Leg,cover, Extra Cover,Short leg, Forward Short Leg, Deep Fine Leg,Leg Slip, Leg Gully, Squre Short Leg,Short Mid Wicket.Long On, Long Off.
Important Cups / Trophies:- Ashes, Asia Cup, Ranji Trophy, Duleep Trophy, Sharjah Cup, World Cup. Important Grounds: Chepauk Staduim (Chennai), Chinna samy Stadium (Bangalore), Eden Garden (Kolotta), Ferozeshah Kotla Ground (Delhi) ,Wankhede Stadium (Mumbai).

Branches of Science

Branch NameDescription
AcarologyBranch of  Zoology dealing with ticks & mites.
AcousticsThe study of sound or the science of sound.
AcrobaticsThe art of performing acrobatic feats (gymnastics)
AerodynamicsI.  The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of air and other gases.
II. The study of the motion and control of solid bodies like aircraft,missiles,etc in air.
AeronauticsThe science or art of flight.
AerostaticsThe branch of statics that deals with gases in equilibrium and with gases and bodies in them.
AestheticsThe philosophy of fine arts.
AetiologyThe science of causation.
Agrobiology The science of plant life and plant nutrition. 
Agronomic The science of managing land or crops. 
Agronomy The science of soil management & production of field crops. 
Agrostology The study of grasses. 
AlgologyThe scientifc study of Algae or seaweed.
Anatomy The science dealing with the structure of animals, plants or human body. 
Anemology The science of wind. 
Anesthesiology  The clinical discipline concerned with providing anesthesia . 
Angiology The science of blood & lymph vessels. 
Anthropology The science that deals with the origin and physical and cultural development of mankind. 
Arboriculture Cultivation of trees & vegetables. 
Archaeology The study of antiquities. 
Astrology The ancient art of predicting the course of human destinies with the help of indications deduced from the position and movement of heavenly bodies. 
Astronautics The science of space travel. 
Astronomy The study of the heavenly bodies. 
Astrophysics The branch of astronomy concerned with the physical nature of heavenly bodies. 
Bacteriology The study of bacteria. 
Biochemistry The study of chemical processes of living things. 
Biometry The application of mathematics to the study of living things. 
Bionics The study of functions, characteristics and phenomena observed in the living world and the application of this knowledge to the world of machines. 
Bionomics The study of the relation of an organism to its environment. 
Bionomy The science of the laws of life. 
Biophysics The physics of vital processes (living things). 
Biostatics The application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense.. 
Botany The study of plants. 
Calisthenics The systematic exercises for attaining strength & gracefulness. 
Cardiology The science that deals with heart functions and diseases. 
Carpology The science of fruits & seeds. 
Cartography The science of map-making. 
Ceramics The art and technology of making objects from clay etc. (pottery). 
Cetology The science of aquatic mammals, especially whales. 
Chemistry The study of elements and their laws of combination and behaviour. 
Chemotherapy The treatment of disease by using chemical substances. 
Choreography The science of dance & composing ballet. 
Chorography The science of geographical regions ; plant & animal distribution. 
Chronobiology The study of duration of life. 
Chronology The science of arranging time in periods and ascertaining the dates and historical order of past events. 
Climatology The branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere along with statistical variations in space as well as time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of past years. 
Conchology The branch of Zoology dealing with the shells of molluscs. 
Cosmogony The science of the nature of heavenly bodies. 
Cosmography The science that describes & maps the main features of universe. 
Cosmology The science of the nature,origin & history of the universe. 
Crainology The science that deals with skull. 
Criminology The study of crime & criminals. 
Cryptography The study of ciphers (secret writings). 
Crystallography The study of structures,forms & properties of crystals. 
Cryogenics The science dealing with the production,control & application of very low temperatures. 
Cryptology The science dealing with codes & ciphers. 
Cytochemistry The branch of cytology dealing with the chemistry of cells. 
Cytogenetics The branch of biology dealing with the study of heredity from the point of view of cytology & genetics. 
Cytology The study of cells,especially their formation,structure & functions. 
Dactylography The study of finger prints for the purpose of identification. 
Dactyliology The technique of communication by signs made with the fingers . It is generally used by the deaf. 
Dermatology The branch of medicine concerned with skin and disease. 
Dendrology The study of trees. 
Denotology The study of moral responsibilities. 
Ecology The study of the relation of animals and plants to their surroundings,animate & inanimate. 
Econometrics The application of mathematics in testing economic theories. 
Economics The science dealing with the production,distribution and consumption of goods & services.
Embryology The study of development of embryos. 
Endocrinology  The branch of medicine concerned with endocrine glands and hormones. 
Entomology The study of insects. 
Epidemiology The branch of medicine dealing with incidence & risks of diseases. 
Epigraphy The study of inscriptions. 
Eschatology The study of death, destiny. 
Ethnography A branch of anthropology dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures. 
Ethics Psychological study of moral principles. 
Ethnology A branch of anthropology that deals with the origin, distribution and distinguishing characteristics of the race of mankind.
Ethology The study of animal behaviour. 
Etymology The study of origin and history of words. 
Eugenics The study of the production of better offspring by the careful selection of parents. 
Exobiology A branch of biology that deals with the search for extraterrestrial life,especially intelligent life,outside our solar system. Exobiology is sometimes called xenobiology or astrobiology. 
Futurology The study of the future. 
Gastroenterology  The branch of medicine concerned with the alimentary tract . 
Genealogy The study of family ancestries & histories. 
Genecology The study of genetical composition of plant population in relation to their habitats. 
Genesiology The science of generation. 
Genetics The branch of biology dealing with the phenomena of heredity and the laws governing it. 
Geobiology The biology of terrestrial life. 
Geobotany The branch of Botany dealing with all aspects of relations between plants & the earth's surface. 
Geochemistry The study of the chemical composition of the earth's crust and the changes which takes place within it. 
Geography The science of the earth's surface,physical features,climate,population,etc. 
Geology The science that deals with the physical history of the earth. 
Geomedicine The branch of medicine dealing with the influence of climate and environmental conditions on health. 
Geomorphology The study of the characteristics,origin and development of land forms. 
Geophysics The physics of the earth. 
Gerontology The study of old age,its phenomena , diseases, etc. 
Glottochronlogy The study of the history of language. 
Gynecology  The branch of medicine concerned respectively with childbirth and the female reproductive and associated organs . 
Haematology The study of blood. 
Hepatology  The study of liver and biliary tract . 
Heliotherapy The sun cure. 
Helminthology The study of worms, especially parasitic worms. 
Herpetology The study of reptiles & amphibians. 
Histology The study of tissues. 
Horticulture The cultivation of flowers,fruits,vegetables and ornamental plants. 
Hydrodynamics The mathematical study of the forces,energy and pressure of liquid in motion. 
Hydrography The science of water measurements of the earth with special reference to their use for navigation. 
Hydrology The study water with reference to its occurrence and properties in the hydrosphere and atmosphere. 
Hydrometallurgy The process of extracting metals at ordinary temperature by leaching ore with liquids. 
Hydropathy The cure of disease by the internal and external use of water. 
Hydroponics The cultivation of plants by placing the roots in nutrient solution rather than in soil. 
Hydrostatics The mathematical study of forces and pressures in liquids. 
Hygiene The science of health and its preservation. 
Hypnology The study of sleep. 
Ichthyology The study of fish. 
Iconography Teaching with aid of pictures & models. 
Immunology The study of the immune system which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans . 
Iconology The study of symbolic representations. 
Jurisprudence The science of law. 
Lexicography The writing or compiling of dictionaries. 
Limnology The study of freshwater life. 
Lithology The study of the characteristics of rocks. 
Mammography Radiography of the mammary glands. 
Metallography The study of the crystalline structures of metals & alloys. 
Metallurgy The process of extracting metals from their ores. 
Meteorology The science of the atmosphere and its phenomena. 
Metrology The scientific study of weights & measures. 
Microbiology The study of minute living organisms including bacteria,moulds and pathogenic protozoa. 
Molecular Biology The study of the structure of the molecules which are of importance in biology. 
Morphology The science of  organic forms and structures. 
Mycology The study of fungi  & fungus diseases. 
Myology The study of muscles. 
Myrmecology The study of ants. 
Nephrology  The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the kidneys . 
Neurology The study of the nervous systems,its functions and its disorders. 
Neuropathology The study of diseases of the nervous system. 
Nomology The study of law making or scientific laws. 
Nosology The study of classification of diseases. 
Numerology The study of numbers,study of the date and year of one's birth to determine their influence on one's future life. 
Numismatics The study of coins & medals. 
Odontography A description of the teeth. 
Odontology The scientific study of the teeth. 
Oenology The study of wines. 
Oncology The study of tumour or cancer. 
Oneirology The study of dreams. 
Ontology The study of nature of existence. 
Oology The study of eggs. 
Optics The study of nature & properties of light. 
OphthalmologyThe study of diseases of the eyes and their treatment . 
Ornithology The study of birds. 
Orthoepy The study of correct pronunciation. 
Orthopedics The science of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of musculoskeletal systems. 
Osteology The study of the bones. 
Osteopathology Any disease of bones. 
Osteopathy A therapeutic system based upon detecting and correcting faulty structure. 
OtolaryngologyThe branch of medicine concerned with treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders.
Paleobotany The study of fossil plants. 
Paleontology The study fossils. 
Palynology The study of fossil pollen. 
Pathology The study of diseases. 
Pedagogy The art or method of teaching. 
Pedology The study of soil. 
Penology The study of prisons & treatment of criminals. 
Pharmacology  The study of drugs and their actions . 
Pharyngology The science of the pharynx & its diseases. 
Phenology The study of periodicity phenomena of plants. 
Philately The collection and study of postage stamps,revenue stamps,etc. 
Philology The study of written records , their authenticity, etc. 
Phonetics The study of speech, sounds and their production , transmission,reception etc. 
Photobiology The branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms. 
Phrenology The study of the faculties & qualities of mind from the shape of the skull. 
Phthisiology The scientific study of tuberculosis. 
Phycology The study of algae. 
Physical science The study of natural laws and process other than those peculiar to living matters,as in Physics ,Chemistry and Astronomy. 
Physics The study of the properties of matter. 
Physiography The science of physical geography. 
Physiology The study of the functioning of the various organs of living beings. 
Phytogeny Origin and growth of plants. 
Pomology The science that deals with fruits & fruit growing. 
Psychiatry The branch of medicine that studies and treats mental disorders. 
Psychology The study of human & animal behaviour. 
Pulmonology  The branch of medicine concerned with diseases of the lungs and the respiratory system. 
Radio Astronomy The study of  heavenly bodies by the reception and analysis of the radio frequency electro-magnetic radiations which they emit or reflect. 
Radiobiology The branch of biology which deals with the effect of radiations on living organisms. 
Radiology The study of X-Rays and radioactivity. 
Reflexology The study of reflexes or practice of healing through foot massage. 
Rheumatology  the branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the joints and other organ systems, such as arthritis . 
Rheology The study of the deformation, flow of matter. 
Scatology The study of excrement; obscene language. 
Seismology The study of  earthquakes and the phenomena associated with it. 
Selenology The scientific study of moon, its nature,origin,movements, etc. 
Sericulture The raising of silk worms for the production of raw silk. 
Sociology The study of human society. 
Spectroscopy The study of matter and energy by the use of spectroscope. 
Spelology The study of caves. 
Teleology The study of the evidences of design or purpose in nature. 
Telepathy Communication between minds by some means other than sensory perception. 
Therapeutics The science and art of healing. 
Topography A special description of a part or region. 
Toxicology The study of poisons. 
Urology The study of urinary tracts of males and females, and on the male reproductive system. 
Virology The study of viruses. 
Xylology The study of the structure of wood. 
Zoogeography The study of the distribution of animals on the surface of the globe. 
Zoometry The comparative measurements of the parts of the animals. 
Zoology The study of animal life.

Straits

A strait is a narrow, navigable channel of water that connects two
larger navigable bodies of water.
Straits of Dover-separates England and France
Strait of Hormuz-Separates Persian Gulf and Oman sea
Strait of Malacca-Separates Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia
Cook strait-separates the North And South Islands of New Zealand
Strait of Gibrakta-Separates Atlantic Ocean and Meditteranian sea
Bass strait-Separates Australia and Tasmania
Strait of Bosphorous-Separates Meditteranian sea and Black sea
Bering Strait-Separates Alaska and Siberia

Islands-Location-Area

Greenland       North Atlalntic 2,175,600
New Guinea      South-West Pacific      777,000
Borneo  West mid-Pacific        725,545
Madagascar      Indian Ocean    587,042
Baffin  North Atlantic  476,065
Sumatra Northeast Indian Ocean  473,600
Honshu  Sea of Jappan-Pacific   228,000
Great Britain   Off Coast North-West Europe     218,041
Ellesmere       Artic Ocean     196,236
Victoria I      Artic Ocean     212,197
Celebes West Mid-Pacific        189,035
South Islands   South Pacific   150,460
Java    Indiand Ocean   126,295
North Island    South Pacific   114,687
Cuba    Carribbean Sea  114,522
Newfoundland    North Atlantic  112,300
Luzon   West mid-Pacific        104,688
Iceland North Atlantic  102,999
Mindanao        West mid-Pacific        94,226
Ireland West of Great Britain   82,460
Hokkaido        Sea of Japan-Pacific    77,900
Hispaniola      Caribbean Sea   76,192
Tasmania        South of Australia      67,900
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)      Indian Ocean    65,600
Sakhalin (Karafuto)     North of Japan  63,610
Banks   Artic Ocean     60,166
Devon   Artic Ocean     54,030
Kyushu  Sea of Japan-Pacific    42,018
Melville        Artic Ocean     41,805
Axel Heriberg   Artic Ocean     40,868
Southampton     Hudson bay      40,663

Religions of World

  • Buddhism - Tripitaka
  • Confucianism - The Lun Yu
  • Christianity - Holy Bible
  • Hinduism - The Vedas,The Upanisads,The Bhagavad Gita
  • Islam - Quran,Hadis
  • Judaism - Hals
  • Jainism -
  • Shintoism -
  • Sikhism - Guru Granth Saheb
  • Taoism - Tao-te-Ching
  • Zoroastrianism - Zend Avesta

GEOGRAPHICAL EPITHESTS

Africa  - The dark continent
Atlantic ocean- The hering pond
Netherlands-The Land of Canals
Bangalore-The garden city of India
Aberdeen-The Granite city
Turkey -The sick man of europe
Calcutta- The city of palaces
Egypt -  The gift of Nile
Belgrade-The white city
Venice-The Queen of the Adriatic
Finland-The land of thousand lakes
Japan  - The land of rising sun
Oxford -The city of dreaming spires
Korea-The Hermit Kingdom
Punjab -The land of rivers
Amritsar- The city of golden temple
San Francisco-The City of the Golden Gate
Huangho River-China-The sorrow of china
Damodar River-The Sorrow of Bengal
Rome - The city of seven hills

Thailand- The land of white elephants
Bab el Mendab-The gateway of tears
Moscow-The port of five seas
Cuba-The Sugar Bowl of the World
Chicago-The windy city
Gibraltar-The key of Meditteranian
Guinea coast-The White Mans Grave
Bahrain-The island of pearls
Tristan da Cunha-The Worlds Lonliest island

GEOGRAPHICAL EPITHESTS

Bengal�s Sorrow - Damodar River
Blue Mountains - Nilgiri Hills
City of Sky-scrapers-New York
City of Seven Hills- Rome
City of Dreaming Spires- Oxford
City of  palaces-Kolkata
City of Golden Gate- San Francisco
City of Magnificent Buildings -  Washington D.C.
City of Eternal Springs- Quito(S.America)
China�s Sorrow - Hwang Ho
Cockpit of Europe- -  Belgium

Dark Continent- frica
Emerald Isle-Ireland
Eternal City-Rome
Empire City- New York
Forbidden City - Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden City- Chicago
Gate of Tears - Strait of Bab-el Mandeb
Gateway  of India-   Mumbai
Gift of the Nile-Eqypt
Granite City-Aberdeen (Scotland)
Hermit Kingdom - Korea
Herring Pond-Atlantic Ocean
Holy Land-Jerusalem
Island Continent-Australia
Island of Cloves-Zanzibar
Isle of Pearls- Bahrain (Persian Gulf)
Key of the Mediterranean-Gibralter


Land of Cakes- cotland
Land of Golden Fleece - Australia
Land of Maple Leaf-  Canada
Land of Midnight Sun-Norway
Land of the Thousand Lakes-  Finland
Land of the Thunderbolt- Bhutan
Land of white Elephant -Thailand
Land of Five Rivers- Punjab
Land of Thousand Elephants-  Laos
Land of Rising Sun- Japan
Loneliest Island-Tristan De Gunha (Mid-Atlantic)
Manchester of Japan- Osaka
Pillars of Hercules- Strait of Gibraltar
Pearl of the Antilles - Cuba
Playground of Europe -Switzerland
Quaker City- Philadelphia
Queen of the Adriatic -  Venice
Roof of the World  The Pamirs
Rose Pink City -Jaipur
Sugar bowl of the World-Cuba
Venice of the North- Stockholm
Windy City- Chicago
Whirteman�s grave-  Guinea Coast of Africa
Yellow River-Huang Ho (China)

Scientific Instruments - 2

SalinometerA type of hydrometer used to determin the concentration of salt solutions by measuring their densities.
Scintillation counterA device for ionising radiation.
SeismographAn instrument used for recording the intensity and origin of earthquake shocks.
SextantAn instrument used for measurement of angular distances between objects.
SpectroscopeAn instrument used for spectrum analyse.
SpectrometerA type of spectroscope so calibrated as to make it suitable for the precise measurement of refractive indices.
SpherometerAn instrument used for accurately measuring the curvature of spherical objects.
Spring BalanceAn instrument used to measure weight of a body.
SpygmomanometerAn apparatus for measuring strength of the pulse.
StethoscopeA medical instrument for hearing and analysing the sound of hearts and lungs.
StroboscopeAn instrument used for viewing the objects moving rapidly with a periodic motion and to see them as if they were at rest
Tangent galvanometerAn instrument for measuring the strength of direct current
TelemeterAn apparatus for recording physical events happening at a distance
TeleprinterA communication medium for automatic sending,receiving and printing of telegraphic messages from distant places.
TelescopeAn instrument for viewing distant objects as magnified.
TelevisionAn instrument for transmitting the visiblemoving images by means of wireless waves.
TenaculumAn instrument for lifting and holding blood vessels.
TrephineAn instrument for removing discs of bone from the skull.
ThermometerAn instrument to measure the temperature.
ThermoscopeAn instrument used for measuring the temperature changes of the substance noting the corresponding change in volume.
ThermostatAn automatic device for regulating constant temperatures.
TransistorA small device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions usually performed by a thermionic valve.
VariometerA device for measuring the rate of climb or descent of aircraft.
VernierAn adjustable scale for measuring alcohol content of wine.
VinometerA device for measuring alcohol content of wine.
ViscometerAn instrument for measuring the viscosity.
VoltmeterAn instrument to measure potential difference between two points.
XysterA device for scraping bones.
ZymometerAn instrument for measuring degress of fermentation.