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Photogrammetry
Principle and types of Aerial Photographs
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry involves art, science and technology.
It also collects the information by measuring. interpreting the photographic images and by using the patterns of recorded electromagnetic radiations. The images are captured through a device known as camera.
The photogrammetry is decided on the basis of.
1 Different types of images used
2 The exact location of the camera from the object
3 Aim of these images.
Different types of photogrammetry.
Types of Photogrammetry
The various types of photogrammetry are as follows.
1 Terrestrial photogrammetry
2 Close range photogrammetry
3 Space photogrammetry
4. Stereo photogrammetry.
1 Terrestrial Photogrammetry
This type of photogrammetry deals with the photography carried out from the ground surface which is considered as a platform for the photographic instruments (ie., camera), The distance between the object and photographer in terrestrial photogrammetry is supposed to be greater than or equal to 300 mts.
2 Close Range Photogrammetry
If the distance between the object and the photographer is less than 300 mts, then the terrestrial photogrammetry is known as close range photogrammetry.
3. Space Photogrammetry
The type of photogrammetry deals with the photography which is carried out using an aerial camera on board aircraft. It involves the use of traditional analog photographs or the digital photographs which
Introduction to Photogrammetry
are been clicked from any airborne or spacebome platform. Hence, these pictures can be either vertical or oblique depending upon its characteristics and geometry. The space photogrammetry is also known as the aerial photogrammetry
4. Stereo Photogrammetry
This type of photogrammetry deals with the photographs of overlapping pairs which are measured and attained using a stereoscopic viewing device. produces a three dimensional view and generates an illusion which provides the photogrammetrist or the observer a relaxing view of the terrain. The stereo photogrammetry is carried out with the use of specially designed instruments such as stereometer, digital computers etc. It is required for generating a digital elevation model of real world by determining the elevations of h-measurements
Classification of Aerial Photographs
Aerial photographs are mainly classified into two, based upon the directions,
1. Vertical
2 Oblique.
Aerial photographs are those which are taken by means of an aerial camera fixed in an aircraft
1. Vertical Photographs
Vertical photograph is the one where the axis of camera is truly vertical. In some cases, the axis of camera may not be exactly vertical, tilting of axis may appear. The allowable tilt in the preparation of topographical maps may be in a range of 1 to 3°. These photographs may also be termed as vertical photographs.
2. Oblique Photographs
The axis of camera is purposefully tilted from 90° inclination. Oblique photographs are sub divided into two categories,
(a) High oblique
The photograph in which horizon appears
(b) Low oblique.
Photograph on which horizon is tilted such that the horizon does not appear
Types of Artificial recharge structures constructed for increasing ground water table in a watershed and identifying sites for locating these structures using RS and GIS techniques
Check dams suits on hard rock and alluvial formation
Rain water harvesting structures suits on sand and gravel
Percoltion tanks suits on Highly fractured weathered rock
Water spreading
Recharge through pits and wells suits on soil with impervious layer
Ditch and furrow suits on hard rocks
Steam augnentation suits on weathered formation rocks
Contour ploughing suits on cohesive soils.
Level IV land use and Land cover map using Remote sensibg anf secondary data
Level-IV land use and land cover map involves large scale of aerial photographs with low altitude. The data captured is below 10,000 ft and scale is greater than 1: 20,000. Remote sensing involves the mapping of earth surface features derived from the classification of land use and mapping. All these earth features have special reflectance values. Based on these features, a map is prepared. The images are examined and converts the digital image into a pictorial one using visual interpretation techniques. These techniques include as follows,
Image Interpretation Process
In interpretation process, the image characteristics like colour, texture, size, shape, etc, helps to recognize the land features, usage, class etc. This is then finalised after the ground truth. Based on the ground information, modifications are done to final the classification of land cover and land use.
Production of GIS Output
Then the image is remoulded into a cartographic output. Through digitisation process the output has changed to softcopy resulting accuracy.
Sunday, 7 October 2018
Rajputs time - Delhi King Sri.Prudvi Raj Chauhan(1178-1192 CE)
Mohammad Ghazini was very much impressed with the Gold and Amount that has been with Delhi. He came to know about that the total Delhi was under rule of King Sri Prudhvi Raj Chauhan Chahamana (chauhan) dynasty. He ruled Sapadalaksha(Now Delhi,Haryana,Rajashan and some parts of Madhya Pradesh) keeping his capital at Ajayameru(Ajmer).
So ingreed of Money and Power Mohammad Ghazini has attacked Delhi and was defeated by King Prudhvi Raj Chauhan for 16 times. Every time after defeat he used to take a promise on allah that he will not repeat war against Delhi.
Another king of kannauj sri Jayachandra of india with large who is having a beautiful daughter Named sumyukta.
Samyuktha was very well impressed by the Character and Strength of King Prudhviraj Chauhan and was very much interested to marry him. But there were misconceptions between King Jayachandra and King Prudhviraj.
There was a swayamvar by Jayachandra who called all the Kings and Princes of India for his Daughter Samyukta. Excluding King Prudhviraj Chauhan. He wanted to shame Prudhviraj chauham before all other kings of india. For that he made a statue of Prudhviraj chauhan and kept inline with other prince's at Swayamvar
After knowing his father plans. Princess Samyuktha has written a secret letter expressing her interest towards him. After receiving that letter king prudhviraj chauhan also interested in her and sent a reply to him stating he will attend swayamvaram.
The Swayamvar Day came and Princess was asked to select her prince among all of them with the help of Garland. So by seeing every prince she rejected all but that statue and wore a garland on the statue. In the mean while King Prudhviraj chauhan has arrived in drama dress and taken Princess Samyuktha with her to his Kingdom and Happily Married.
King Jayachandra became very angry on this act of her daughter and wanted to take revenge against them. So he had mixed his hands with the enemy of King Prudhviraj Chauhan King Mohammad Ghazini and declared a war against Prudhviraj Chauhan.
So the aar broke and Prudhviraj chauhan has been defeated by Mohammad Ghazini and King Jayachandra. Prudhviraj chauhan qas brought to the kingdom of Mohammad Ghazini. There he was tortured by their soldiers and his eyes was removed. One of the ministers of Prudhviraj chauhan came in drama dress and make a challege telling that
Prudhviraj chauhan posses good Skills such as Hunting while his eyes are closed.
So Mohammad Ghazini who is very fond of challenges accepts the proposal and Prudhviraj chauhan will get opportunity to shoot an arrow at the target. By hearing the orders from Mohammad Ghazini he shoots arrow towards Ghazini and He will die. And his minister will kill himself and prudhviraj chauhan
After listening the new his wife Samyuktha will jump into fire and kills herself as Sati.
Tuesday, 7 August 2018
CA 07-08-2018
Japan-Capital-Tokyo
Japan - Diet
IMPRINT2
IMPARTING RESEARCH INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY -122
Run by IIT & IISC govt provide fund for urja suraksha aur health.
IRAN COUNTRY HAS JOINED IN ASEAN.
MUGALSARAI JUNCTION WAS RENAMED AS DEEN DAYAL UPADYAY JUNCTION
KANDRILA BANDER Changed to Deen dayal upadyay bandergarh.
Women hockey worldcup won by Netherland for 8th time in 2018.on ireland.
Capital Amsterdam
Euro currency
PM MARK ROUT
FIFA WORLD CUP -RUSSIA- FRANCE WON ON PROASIA
DEFENCE INDIA STARTUP BY NIRMALA SEETHARAMAN
FULL TERM 1ST WOMAN IN DEFENCE MINISTER
TO IMPROVE INNOVATION STARTUP LAUNCHED
BIPIN RAWAT-LAND MINISTER
ADMIRAL SUDEER LAMBA-NAVY MINISTER
D S DHANWA-AIR MINISTER
GST COUNCIL- MADE CASH BACK ON DIGITAL TRANSACTIONS.
20% CASH BACK IF MORE THAN 100 RUPEES THROUGH UPI, RUPAY, BHIM, BBPS
PITUSH GOEL GST COUNCIL - 33 MEMBERS
ARTICLE 279 A
INDRA NOOYI IS THE WOMAN RESIGNED AS CEO OF PEPSICO
PEPSICO WAS STARTED 1898
HQ NEW YORK
MINJER MELA IS FAMOUS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH.
TO GET TIMELY RAINS AND GOOD PADDY RETURNS
CAPTAL-SHIMLA
CM -JAIRAM TAKUR
GOVERNOR- ACHARYA DEV VRAT
UK HAS INTRODUCED NEW PART DONATION OF BODY FOR INDIAN ORIGIN PEOPLEe.g kidney
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PM-TERESA MAIN
CURRENCY -POND HEISTERIN
BIHAR CM NITISH KUMAR HAS INTRODUCED KANYA UTHYAN YOJANA.
FROM KG TO GRduation Govt will give 54100 rs
Governor-satyapaul malik
China has succesfully launched hypersonic aircraft.
Zing cong 2
Zaring
It can send any missile of any generation
Ayushman bjarat
5lakh health cover by gujrat
Cm- vinay rupani
Governor - op kohli
Op kohli
Op sing u.p dgp
Op rawat chief election commissioner.
Gold winner by Konti Momota in BWF.
Japan player.
Badminton world federation.
Japan - tokyo capital
Currency - yean
Japan sansad - diet