| Ocean Name | Area in km2 | Area Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pacific Ocean | 155,557,000 | 45.7 | |
| Atlantic Ocean | 76,763,000 | 22.8 | |
| Indian Ocean | 68,556,000 | 20.3 | |
| Southern Ocean | 20,327 | 0,0 | |
| Artic Ocean | 14,05,007 | 3.9 |
Wednesday, 1 March 2017
Oceans of World
Security Category
What is Z security?
Depending upon the threat perception the security cover has been classified into four categories:
Z+ category: security cover of 36 personnel, highest level
Z category : 28 personnel (security cover by the Delhi police or the ITBP or CRPF personnel)
Y category : 11 personnel
X category : 2 personnel
The Special Protection Group (SPG) protects the Prime Minister of India. It is one of the eight Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) are the following police forces of the central government of India:
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) [Includes Rapid Action Force (RAF) and Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA)]
Border Security Force (BSF)
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
Railway Protection Force (RPF)
National Security Guards (NSG) [Included Special Protection Group (SPG)]
Depending upon the threat perception the security cover has been classified into four categories:
Z+ category: security cover of 36 personnel, highest level
Z category : 28 personnel (security cover by the Delhi police or the ITBP or CRPF personnel)
Y category : 11 personnel
X category : 2 personnel
The Special Protection Group (SPG) protects the Prime Minister of India. It is one of the eight Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). The Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) are the following police forces of the central government of India:
Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) [Includes Rapid Action Force (RAF) and Commando Battalion for Resolute Action (COBRA)]
Border Security Force (BSF)
Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
Railway Protection Force (RPF)
National Security Guards (NSG) [Included Special Protection Group (SPG)]
Indian Military Decoration with Medals
Indian Military Decoration
PARAM VIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950, to recognize the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
MAHAVIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950 to recognise the act of gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
The medal is awarded for gallantry in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
ASHOKA CHAKRA
Instituted on 04 Jan 1952 and renamed on 27 Jan 1967 to recognize the most conspicuous bravery or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valor or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
KIRTI CHAKRA
The Kirti Chakra award for gallantry was first instituted on 04 Jan1952 as Ashoka Chakra class -II. It was redesingated as Kirti Chakra on 27 Jan 1967.
The medal is awarded for conspicuous gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
VIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950 and awarded for acts of Gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land or at sea or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
SHAURYA CHAKRA
Instituted on 4 Jan 1952 as Ashoka Chakra Class-III and renamed on 27 Jan 1967 as Shaurya Chakra and awarded for gallantry, otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
SARVOTTAM YUDH SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jun 1980 to recognize the distinguished service of the most exceptional order during war/conflict/hostilities.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of the most exceptional order during war/ conflict/ hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
UTTAM YUDH SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jun 1980 to recognize the distinguished service of an exceptional order during war/conflict/hostilities.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of an exceptional order during war/ conflict/ hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
YUDDH SEVA MEDAL
The award is given for distinguished service of a high order during war/conflict/hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
PARAM VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 as VSM Class-I to recognise the distinguished service of the most exceptional order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as PVSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of the most exceptional order.
ATI VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 as VSM Class-II for distinguished Service of an exceptional order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as AVSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of an exceptional order.
VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 and as VSM Class-III to recognise the distinguished service of a high order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as VSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of a high order.
VAYU SENA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 to recognise exceptional devotion to duty or acts of courage by Air Force personnel. In 1994, the award was spilt into VM (Devotion to duty) and VM (Gallantry).
The award is given for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Air Force. VM (Gallantry) is awarded in recognition of an act of courage whereas VM (Devotion to duty) is awarded in recognition of individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty. A bar shall be given for every subsequent award of the Medal to a person. Award may be made posthumously.
MENTION-IN-DESPATCHES
Instituted on 25 Nov 1950 for distinguished and meritorious service in operational areas and acts of gallantry which are not of a sufficiently high order to warrant the grant of gallantry awards.
Awarded for distinguished and meritorious service in operational areas and acts of gallantry which are not of a sufficiently high order to warrant the grant of gallantry awards. Names may be included posthumously. There is no objection to a person's name being mentioned in more than one despatch.
PARAM VIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950, to recognize the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
MAHAVIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950 to recognise the act of gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
The medal is awarded for gallantry in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
ASHOKA CHAKRA
Instituted on 04 Jan 1952 and renamed on 27 Jan 1967 to recognize the most conspicuous bravery or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valor or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
KIRTI CHAKRA
The Kirti Chakra award for gallantry was first instituted on 04 Jan1952 as Ashoka Chakra class -II. It was redesingated as Kirti Chakra on 27 Jan 1967.
The medal is awarded for conspicuous gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
VIR CHAKRA
Instituted on 26 Jan 1950 and awarded for acts of Gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land or at sea or in the air. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
SHAURYA CHAKRA
Instituted on 4 Jan 1952 as Ashoka Chakra Class-III and renamed on 27 Jan 1967 as Shaurya Chakra and awarded for gallantry, otherwise than in the face of the enemy.
The Chakra is awarded for gallantry otherwise than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded posthumously.
SARVOTTAM YUDH SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jun 1980 to recognize the distinguished service of the most exceptional order during war/conflict/hostilities.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of the most exceptional order during war/ conflict/ hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
UTTAM YUDH SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jun 1980 to recognize the distinguished service of an exceptional order during war/conflict/hostilities.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of an exceptional order during war/ conflict/ hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
YUDDH SEVA MEDAL
The award is given for distinguished service of a high order during war/conflict/hostilities. The medal may be awarded posthumously.
PARAM VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 as VSM Class-I to recognise the distinguished service of the most exceptional order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as PVSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of the most exceptional order.
ATI VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 as VSM Class-II for distinguished Service of an exceptional order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as AVSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of an exceptional order.
VISHISHT SEVA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 and as VSM Class-III to recognise the distinguished service of a high order. It was renamed on 27.01.1967 as VSM.
The medal is awarded for distinguished service of a high order.
VAYU SENA MEDAL
Instituted on 26 Jan 1960 to recognise exceptional devotion to duty or acts of courage by Air Force personnel. In 1994, the award was spilt into VM (Devotion to duty) and VM (Gallantry).
The award is given for such individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty or courage as have special significance for the Air Force. VM (Gallantry) is awarded in recognition of an act of courage whereas VM (Devotion to duty) is awarded in recognition of individual acts of exceptional devotion to duty. A bar shall be given for every subsequent award of the Medal to a person. Award may be made posthumously.
MENTION-IN-DESPATCHES
Instituted on 25 Nov 1950 for distinguished and meritorious service in operational areas and acts of gallantry which are not of a sufficiently high order to warrant the grant of gallantry awards.
Awarded for distinguished and meritorious service in operational areas and acts of gallantry which are not of a sufficiently high order to warrant the grant of gallantry awards. Names may be included posthumously. There is no objection to a person's name being mentioned in more than one despatch.
MAKE IN INDIA-VAJRA GUNS
MAKE IN INDIA- K9 VAJRA GUNS
The longstanding demand of Indian Army to have artillery guns will now be fulfilled. A $750-million (about Rs 5,000 crore) deal to provide 100 self-propelled artillery guns to the Indian Army has been signed with the domestic manufacturer Larsen and Toubro. Under the deal, the 155 mm artillery guns suitable for operation in the desert areas bordering Pakistan, will be specially designed.
The K9 VAJRA-T 155mm/ 52 Cal. Tracked Self-Propelled Howitzer meets the requirements of 21st century warfare, which is based on the following missions: Deep fire support with its longer firing range; qualitative superiority to overcome a numerical inferiority with its higher rate of fire and accuracy and effective and reliable fire support in all kinds of circumstances with its higher mobility and protection.
The K9 VAJRA-T is a variant of K9 Thunder which is inarguably the world's best 155mm/52 Cal.SPH in terms of number of systems in active service. Currently, K9 Thunder is serving as one of the main conventional deterrent forces for a number of armies including the Korean Army. K9 Thunder has established its superiority through demonstrations and evaluation tests at various proving grounds in extreme weather conditions, jungles, barren deserts and severely cold areas. By demonstrating its ability to handle Indian as well as all NATO standard ammunitions, K9 VAJRA-T has proven its excellent conformability to any field artillery unit.
The longstanding demand of Indian Army to have artillery guns will now be fulfilled. A $750-million (about Rs 5,000 crore) deal to provide 100 self-propelled artillery guns to the Indian Army has been signed with the domestic manufacturer Larsen and Toubro. Under the deal, the 155 mm artillery guns suitable for operation in the desert areas bordering Pakistan, will be specially designed.
The K9 VAJRA-T 155mm/ 52 Cal. Tracked Self-Propelled Howitzer meets the requirements of 21st century warfare, which is based on the following missions: Deep fire support with its longer firing range; qualitative superiority to overcome a numerical inferiority with its higher rate of fire and accuracy and effective and reliable fire support in all kinds of circumstances with its higher mobility and protection.
The K9 VAJRA-T is a variant of K9 Thunder which is inarguably the world's best 155mm/52 Cal.SPH in terms of number of systems in active service. Currently, K9 Thunder is serving as one of the main conventional deterrent forces for a number of armies including the Korean Army. K9 Thunder has established its superiority through demonstrations and evaluation tests at various proving grounds in extreme weather conditions, jungles, barren deserts and severely cold areas. By demonstrating its ability to handle Indian as well as all NATO standard ammunitions, K9 VAJRA-T has proven its excellent conformability to any field artillery unit.
MAKE IN INDIA- DHANUSH ARTILLERY GUNS
MAKE IN INDIA- DHANUSH ARTILLERY GUNS
In what would be a shot in the arm for a force that has not had a new 155mm artillery gun inducted since the Bofors scandal of 1987, the Indian Army will soon be handed over the indigenous howitzer ‘Dhanush’, also known as ‘desi bofors’.
Dhanush, the indigenously-developed 155mm gun with 45 calibre having advanced features, is likely to be handed over to the army in November this year,” Senior General Manager of Jabalpur’s Gun Carriage Factory (GCF), NK Sinha said.
Costing about Rs 14 crore apiece, Dhanush is comparable to most current generation weapons systems which are in use by different countries, the official added.
Along with electronic gun-laying and sighting systems and other features, the indigenous gun has an enhanced 11-km range as against the gun range of 27-km of the imported Bofors.
For well over seven years, the army has been worried over its dwindling artillery strength and has frequently raised concerns over it. The army made several attempts to procure four types of howitzers, but all of them proved abortive due to one reason or the other.
The trials saw some 2,000 rounds being successfully fired from the howitzer in different climatic conditions in India in snowy, desert and hostile areas, the official added.
Army is looking to acquire a total of 114 of the Dhanush guns from GCF to augment its firepower, he said.
Indian army had stationed a special team of officers at GCF to help monitor the progress, coordinate proof resources and provide guidance regarding the qualitative requirements vis-a-vis the gun system from the user’s perspective, the official said.
“A team from the 506 Army Base Workshop, close to CGF, was constantly providing technical inputs which it acquired for the project for over more than two decades,” he added.
In what would be a shot in the arm for a force that has not had a new 155mm artillery gun inducted since the Bofors scandal of 1987, the Indian Army will soon be handed over the indigenous howitzer ‘Dhanush’, also known as ‘desi bofors’.
Dhanush, the indigenously-developed 155mm gun with 45 calibre having advanced features, is likely to be handed over to the army in November this year,” Senior General Manager of Jabalpur’s Gun Carriage Factory (GCF), NK Sinha said.
Costing about Rs 14 crore apiece, Dhanush is comparable to most current generation weapons systems which are in use by different countries, the official added.
Along with electronic gun-laying and sighting systems and other features, the indigenous gun has an enhanced 11-km range as against the gun range of 27-km of the imported Bofors.
For well over seven years, the army has been worried over its dwindling artillery strength and has frequently raised concerns over it. The army made several attempts to procure four types of howitzers, but all of them proved abortive due to one reason or the other.
The trials saw some 2,000 rounds being successfully fired from the howitzer in different climatic conditions in India in snowy, desert and hostile areas, the official added.
Army is looking to acquire a total of 114 of the Dhanush guns from GCF to augment its firepower, he said.
Indian army had stationed a special team of officers at GCF to help monitor the progress, coordinate proof resources and provide guidance regarding the qualitative requirements vis-a-vis the gun system from the user’s perspective, the official said.
“A team from the 506 Army Base Workshop, close to CGF, was constantly providing technical inputs which it acquired for the project for over more than two decades,” he added.
General Knowledge: First in India
1. Name of the first Atomic Submarine of India ?
I.N.S Chakra
3. Name of the first election commissioner of India ? Sukumar Sen.
4. Name of the first university of India ? Nalanda University.
5. Where is India's First nuclear centre ? Tarapur.
6. Name of the first Chinese pilgrim to visit India ? Fa-hien.
7. Name of first foreign recipient of Bharat Ratna ? Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.
15. First Indian recipient of Oscar Award ? Bhanu Athaiya.
16. Name of the first Indian President to Die in office ? Dr. Zakir Hussain.
17. Name of the First Indian Author to get the Anderson Award ? Ruskin Bond.
.
29. Name of first president of Indian National Congress? W.C. Banerjee.
51. How many members are nominated by President in Rajya Sabha ? 12.
Wednesday, 22 February 2017
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)